If you’re new to the world of caravanning or just looking to brush up on the jargon, you’ve come to the right place. Whether you’re shopping for your first caravan or looking to upgrade your tow vehicle, it’s important to get familiar with the lingo. In this article, we’ll provide a glossary of terms used in the UK caravanning community, from components of your caravan and water management systems to braking components and electrical systems.
A-Frame
The triangular framework at the front of the caravan that connects to the tow vehicle. It usually houses the jockey wheel, handbrake, and electrical connections. It’s an essential part of the structure, allowing safe towing and secure attachment to the car.
Alarm
A security system designed to deter theft by alerting you or others nearby if unauthorised entry or movement is detected. Many modern caravans come equipped with sophisticated alarm systems that can include motion sensors and sounders.
Al-Ko Hitch
A brand of hitch stabiliser commonly used in the UK. It’s designed to reduce sway and improve towing stability. You may also hear people refer to it as an "Al-Ko stabiliser," and it’s often considered a crucial component for safe towing.
Ampere (Amp)
An ampere, commonly referred to as an "amp," is the standard unit of measurement for electrical current. In caravanning, understanding amps is crucial for managing electrical systems, including lights, appliances, and the leisure battery.
Ampere-Hour (Ah)
A measure of a battery's storage capacity, representing how much current it can supply over a period of one hour. A higher Ah rating means a longer-lasting battery.
Aquaroll
A portable water carrier, typically a large plastic drum with wheels, used to transport fresh water to your caravan. It’s one of the most popular options for caravanners and is compatible with many water pumps designed for use with touring caravans. The Aquaroll comes in different sizes, generally 40 or 50 litres, allowing for a convenient way to manage your water supply.
Awning
An external shelter that attaches to the side of the caravan, providing additional living space or storage. Awnings come in various styles, including full awnings, porch awnings, and drive-away awnings. They’re great for adding extra room for dining, sleeping, or storing outdoor gear.
Awning Light
An exterior light mounted on the side of the caravan, typically above the door or awning area. It provides illumination for outdoor spaces, making it easier to access the caravan at night or create a well-lit area for socialising under the awning. Awning lights are usually powered by the caravan's electrical system and can be operated from inside. Many models are equipped with LED bulbs for energy efficiency and longer lifespan.
Awning Rail
A continuous groove or channel running along the top edge of the caravan’s side, designed to hold an awning securely in place. The awning rail allows caravaners to attach an awning, creating extra outdoor living space when pitched at a campsite.
Battery Compartment
A dedicated storage space, usually located on the exterior or underfloor of the caravan, designed to hold the leisure battery. The battery powers various 12V appliances when the caravan is not connected to mains electricity.
Berth
This refers to the number of people a caravan can sleep. For instance, a 4-berth caravan can accommodate four people. It’s a key factor to consider when choosing a caravan, especially for families or groups.
Brake Drum
A drum attached to the wheel that the brake shoes press against to create friction and slow down the caravan. It’s a key part of the braking system, especially in overrun braking setups found in most caravans.
Brake Shoes
Components inside the brake drum that press outward against the drum’s inner surface to slow the wheel’s rotation. They’re activated by the overrun brake mechanism when the caravan slows down.
Breakaway Cable
A safety device that activates the caravan’s brakes if it becomes detached from the tow vehicle. This small but crucial component is required by law in the UK and can prevent serious accidents in the event of detachment.
Caravan Step
A portable step placed at the entrance of the caravan to make it easier to step up into the living area. The step provides easier access and can be removed or stored when the caravan is in motion.
Carbon Monoxide Tester
A critical safety device that detects carbon monoxide (CO), a colourless and odourless gas that can be deadly. Caravans often have gas-powered appliances, making CO detectors vital for alerting occupants to potential leaks. The detector should be installed in a central location and regularly tested. It's recommended to replace batteries annually and the unit itself according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Cassette Toilet
A type of caravan toilet with a removable waste-holding tank, or "cassette," that can be easily emptied at designated disposal points. The cassette toilet is a self-contained unit commonly found in modern caravans, offering convenience while travelling.
Cold Cranking Amps (CCA)
A measure of the battery’s ability to start an engine in cold temperatures. It indicates how much current the battery can deliver for 30 seconds at -18°C without dropping below a specified voltage.
Chassis
The metal frame upon which the caravan is built. Al-Ko and BPW are two well-known manufacturers of caravan chassis in the UK. The chassis supports the body and provides the foundation for all other components, playing a key role in stability and weight distribution.
Corner Steadies
Also known as corner jacks or stabilisers, these are located at each corner of the caravan to stabilise it when it’s not hitched to the tow vehicle. They should not be used to lift the caravan off the ground but are essential for preventing movement while parked.
Coupling Head
The component at the front of the caravan hitch that fits over the tow ball of the towing vehicle. It allows the caravan to pivot and rotate as it moves and often includes a mechanism for securing and locking the connection. Coupling heads may include a stabiliser system and an integrated overrun braking system for enhanced towing safety.
CRiS (Caravan Registration and Identification Scheme)
The national registration scheme for touring caravans in the UK. Each caravan is assigned a unique 17-digit VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) that helps in tracking and recovering stolen caravans. Similar to a car’s registration system, CRiS helps establish ownership and improves security.
Drawshaft
A key component of the overrun braking system. When the tow vehicle decelerates, the drawshaft compresses within the hitch assembly, engaging the caravan’s brakes. It is directly linked to the brake rods and cables, which then activate the brake shoes inside the drums.
Electrical Hook-Up (EHU)
A power supply point at campsites that allows you to connect your caravan to mains electricity, providing power for your lights, sockets, and appliances. It usually supplies 230 volts and is a crucial facility for many caravanners who rely on electric heating, cooking, and entertainment.
Electric Pitch
A pitch that includes an electrical hookup point, allowing caravanners to connect their caravan to mains electricity. Electric pitches are ideal for powering appliances, heating, and lighting while parked.
Elsan Point
A disposal point for emptying the contents of your chemical toilet. The term "Elsan" comes from a popular brand of portable toilets and chemicals, but it’s used generically in the UK. The Elsan point is a designated area at campsites and caravan parks for safely disposing of waste, and it’s often labelled with clear signage.
Equaliser Bar
A component of the braking system designed to distribute braking force evenly to all the wheels of the caravan. This ensures that the braking force is balanced, reducing the risk of skidding or loss of control when slowing down.
Fob
A small remote-control device used to activate or deactivate a caravan’s security system, such as an alarm or central locking system. Fobs are commonly used for convenience and security.
Fresh Water Inlet
The external port on your caravan where fresh water is introduced into the system. This is typically where you connect your water pump or insert the filler hose from your Aquaroll or other water container.
Gas Locker
The compartment on the caravan, usually at the front, where gas bottles are stored. These bottles are often used to power your cooker, fridge, and sometimes the heating system. The gas locker is designed to keep the bottles secure and ventilated, reducing the risk of leaks.
Gas Strut
A hydraulic or pneumatic component used to support the weight of the caravan's storage doors, beds, or pop-top roofs. Gas struts make it easier to lift and hold heavy components in place, providing both ease of use and safety.
Gaiter
A rubber or flexible plastic covering that protects moving parts of the hitch mechanism, such as the drawshaft, from dirt, moisture, and debris. Gaiters help prolong the life of components by preventing wear and corrosion.
Grass Pitch
A natural grassy area designated for parking caravans. Grass pitches offer a more rustic camping experience but can become muddy or uneven during wet weather. These pitches are typically used in more traditional camping sites or parks and may require levelling.
Grey Water
Used water from your caravan that’s not sewage—typically water from the sink, shower, or washing up. This water is usually collected in a separate waste container, like a Wastemaster, which can then be emptied at designated grey water disposal points at campsites.
GTW (Gross Train Weight)
The combined maximum weight of the towing vehicle and the caravan when fully loaded, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Staying within the GTW ensures that the towing vehicle can safely manage the additional load of the caravan without compromising handling or safety.
GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight)
The maximum weight a vehicle is permitted to carry when fully loaded, including passengers, luggage, and any additional accessories. Exceeding the GVW can result in dangerous towing conditions and may be illegal, making it essential to adhere to this limit.
Hardstanding Pitch
A pitch made from solid materials such as gravel, concrete, or tarmac. Hardstanding pitches provide a stable and level surface for caravans, making them ideal for all weather conditions. They are particularly beneficial in wet or muddy environments, preventing sinking or mud build-up.
Hitch Head
The main component of the hitch mechanism that fits over the tow ball of the towing vehicle. It includes the coupling mechanism, stabiliser, and often the overrun braking assembly.
Hitch Lock
A security device that fits over the hitch to prevent the caravan from being towed away by unauthorised persons. Many insurance companies require this to be fitted when the caravan is not in use.
Hook-Up
The connection point at a campsite or pitch that provides electricity to the caravan via an electric cable. Hook-ups usually supply 230V mains electricity and allow the caravan to run appliances like heaters, lights, and kitchen equipment while parked.
Jockey Wheel
A retractable wheel mounted on the A-frame that supports the front of the caravan when it’s not attached to the tow vehicle. It’s used to manoeuvre the caravan into position and adjust the height of the hitch when attaching to the tow ball.
Jockey Wheel Clamp
The clamp that secures the jockey wheel in place. It allows the jockey wheel to be raised, lowered, and locked in the correct position when adjusting the height of the caravan. The clamp ensures the jockey wheel doesn’t move or slide during towing.
Kerb Weight
The weight of the towing vehicle with all necessary fluids (oil, fuel, and coolant), but without passengers, cargo, or any optional extras. This figure is vital when calculating the legal towing limit and ensures the combined weight of the car and caravan remains within safe limits.
Leisure Battery
A specialised deep-cycle battery used in caravans to power appliances and lights. It’s designed for a slower discharge and recharge cycle compared to a standard car battery.
Levelling Ramps
Portable, wedge-shaped ramps placed under the caravan’s wheels to level the caravan when parked on uneven ground. Levelling is important for both comfort and functionality, ensuring that appliances like the fridge operate correctly.
MAM (Maximum Authorised Mass)
The maximum allowable weight of the towing vehicle, including everything inside it (cargo, fluids, passengers, and any optional extras). Also known as MTPLM, this figure must not be exceeded to ensure safe and legal towing.
Maximum Technically Permissible Laden Mass (MTPLM)
The maximum weight that your tow vehicle can safely be when fully loaded. Exceeding the MTPLM can lead to unsafe towing and potential legal issues.
MRO / MiRO (Mass in Running Order)
The weight of the caravan as it leaves the factory, including some standard equipment. You should check with the manufactures literature to confirm if essential items such as gas bottles, fresh water, and electric cables are included as this can change between brands. MRO does not account for personal belongings or any optional extras added later, making it an important figure when calculating the caravan’s payload capacity.
MiFi
A portable device that creates a personal WiFi hotspot using mobile data, allowing you to connect your devices to the internet while on the road or at a campsite. MiFi is particularly useful for caravanning in remote areas where public WiFi is unavailable, and it typically requires a SIM card with a data plan to function.
Motor Mover
A motorised device fitted to a caravan’s wheels or chassis, allowing remote-controlled manoeuvring without using the towing vehicle. Motor movers are particularly helpful for positioning caravans in tight spaces or on uneven ground.
MTL (Maximum Towable Load)
The maximum weight that a vehicle is capable of towing, which includes the combined weight of the caravan and its contents. This figure is critical for ensuring that your car can safely tow your caravan without risking damage to the vehicle or breaching legal towing limits.
Nose Weight
The downward force exerted by the caravan on the tow ball of the tow vehicle. It’s important to get the nose weight right to ensure safe towing. Nose weight can be measured using a nose weight gauge, and incorrect nose weight can lead to instability when driving.
Nose Weight Gauge
A device used to measure the nose weight of the caravan to ensure it falls within the recommended limits for safe towing. Maintaining the correct nose weight is essential for vehicle stability and handling.
Onboard Tank
Some caravans are fitted with an onboard water tank for fresh water storage. This can be filled from an external tap and used for drinking, washing, and other water needs. It’s a useful feature for those who don’t want to rely solely on Aquarolls or other external water carriers.
Outfit
A term used to describe the combination of a towing vehicle and a caravan when hitched together. The outfit includes both the car and the caravan as a unit, and considerations such as weight ratios, handling, and balance are key factors in ensuring the outfit is safe and roadworthy for towing.
Overrun Braking System
A mechanical system that automatically engages the caravan’s brakes when the tow vehicle slows down. The overrun brake is activated when the drawshaft is pushed back due to the caravan’s momentum, triggering the brake cables.
Payload
The maximum weight of additional items you can safely load into your caravan, such as personal belongings, food, and equipment. The payload is calculated by subtracting the caravan’s MRO (Mass in Running Order) from its MAM (Maximum Authorised Mass). It’s essential to distribute the payload evenly and stay within the limit to ensure safe towing and handling.
Pitch
A designated area at a campsite or caravan park where you set up your caravan. A pitch usually includes space for the caravan, awning, and vehicle, and may offer utilities like electric hookups, water, and waste disposal points. Pitches can be either hardstanding (gravel or concrete) or grass.
Pop-Top Caravan
A type of caravan with a roof section that can be raised or lowered to increase headroom inside while stationary. Pop-tops offer a more compact profile when in transit, reducing wind resistance, but provide more space and ventilation when parked.
Pressure Regulator
A device that controls the pressure of gas from the gas bottle to appliances, ensuring they operate safely and efficiently. It’s a crucial component for the safe operation of gas-powered equipment in caravans.
Security Alarm
A system designed to deter theft by alerting you or others nearby if an unauthorised entry or movement is detected. Many modern caravans come equipped with sophisticated alarm systems that can include motion sensors and sounders.
Serviced Pitch
A pitch equipped with essential services, including electricity, fresh water, and waste disposal facilities. Serviced pitches provide added convenience, allowing caravanners to connect to utilities without having to transport water or empty waste containers.
Single Axle
A caravan with one set of wheels on each side. Single-axle caravans are generally lighter and easier to manoeuvre than twin-axle models, making them a popular choice for smaller caravans or those looking for a more nimble setup.
Siting
The process of positioning and setting up a caravan on a pitch. Siting involves levelling the caravan, connecting to utilities (water, electricity), and lowering the corner steadies for stability. Some caravan parks may offer assistance with siting.
Skylight
A window or vent installed in the caravan roof, providing natural light and ventilation to the interior. Skylights can usually be opened and closed, helping to regulate temperature and airflow inside the caravan while parked.
Smoke Alarm
A safety device designed to detect smoke and warn of a potential fire. Essential for every caravan, smoke alarms should be fitted in the living and sleeping areas. Regular testing and battery replacement are crucial for proper functioning. Some models are specifically designed for smaller spaces like caravans, where they are less prone to false alarms due to cooking or steam.
Solar Charger
A device used to regulate the voltage and current coming from solar panels to the battery, preventing overcharging and maintaining optimal battery health.
Solar Panel
A panel that converts sunlight into electrical energy, often used to charge leisure batteries or power certain appliances.
Sounder
A component of a caravan’s alarm system that emits a loud noise when the alarm is triggered. Sounders can be internal or external and are crucial for alerting you to a security breach.
Stabiliser
A device, often integrated with the hitch, that helps to reduce swaying and improves the stability of the caravan while being towed. Stabiliser systems can be mechanical or friction-based, providing better control during transit.
Stabilising Leg
Another term for corner steadies, these retractable legs are fitted at each corner of the caravan and provide stability when the caravan is stationary. They prevent rocking and movement, ensuring a comfortable interior environment when parked.
Tare Weight
The weight of the caravan or vehicle when it is empty, without passengers, luggage, or any added fluids like water or fuel. Tare weight includes all fixed equipment that is part of the caravan or vehicle as it leaves the factory. This term is often used interchangeably with MiRO (Mass in Running Order), but Tare Weight may not include essential fluids that MiRO typically does.
Torque Setting
The specific amount of torque (twisting force) that should be applied to bolts and nuts, such as the wheel nuts on your caravan. Correct torque settings ensure that components are secure without overtightening, which can cause damage or lead to unsafe conditions.
Tow Bar
The metal bar attached to the rear of the towing vehicle that connects to the caravan’s hitch. The tow bar allows the vehicle to safely tow the caravan and includes electrical connections for the caravan’s lights and indicators.
Towing Mirrors
Extended mirrors that attach to the side mirrors of the towing vehicle, providing a wider field of view when towing a caravan. Towing mirrors are essential for visibility, allowing drivers to see past the caravan and maintain road safety.
Trailer Plug
The electrical connector that links the tow vehicle to the caravan, providing power for the lights, indicators, and sometimes charging the leisure battery. In the UK, there are two common types: the 7-pin (N and S types) and the 13-pin plug, with the latter being more modern and supporting additional functionalities.
Twin Axle
A caravan with two sets of wheels on each side, providing additional stability and load capacity. Twin-axle caravans are typically larger and offer better towing stability on motorways or in windy conditions, but they may be more difficult to manoeuvre.
Tyre Information
Tyres are critical for the safety and performance of the caravan:
Tyre Pressure: Always maintain the correct tyre pressure as recommended by the manufacturer. Incorrect pressure can affect stability, fuel efficiency, and braking distance.
Tyre Load Rating: Ensure that your caravan tyres have the appropriate load rating for the weight they are carrying. Overloading can lead to blowouts and dangerous driving conditions.
Tyre Age: Caravan tyres degrade over time even if not heavily used. It’s recommended to replace tyres every 5-7 years, regardless of wear, to avoid failure during transit. Check the manufacturing date on the tyre sidewall to monitor age.
Spare Tyre: Always carry a spare tyre and ensure it's properly inflated and in good condition, as roadside repairs can be difficult if you're unprepared.
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Plate
A metal plate affixed to the chassis or body of the caravan that displays the VIN number, MTPLM, and other critical details like tyre specifications and maximum axle load. The VIN plate is a legal requirement and is used to identify the caravan in registrations and ownership documentation.
Voltage
The electrical potential difference measured in volts (V). Caravans typically use 12V systems, but solar panels and chargers may provide varying voltages.
Wastemaster
A portable grey water carrier designed for caravanners. It’s used to collect waste water from the sink, shower, and other outlets, and then transported to the designated waste disposal point at campsites.
By understanding these terms and components, you’ll be better equipped to make informed decisions, maintain your caravan effectively, and communicate with other caravanners and service professionals confidently. Happy caravanning!
WiFi
A wireless internet connection often provided at caravan parks or campsites, allowing caravanners to connect their devices. WiFi availability and quality can vary from site to site, with some offering free access and others charging a fee. Public WiFi networks can sometimes be slower or less secure, making MiFi a good alternative for reliable internet on the go.
By understanding these terms and components, you’ll be better equipped to make informed decisions, maintain your caravan effectively, and communicate with other caravanners and service professionals confidently. Happy caravanning!
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