While many modern caravans rely primarily on electric appliances, gas remains a vital backup power source for heating, cooking, and refrigeration, especially when travelling off-grid or staying at sites without electric hook-ups. In this guide, we will explore the types of gas available, the benefits of each, the different gas bottles and systems used in caravans, as well as tips on maintenance, safety precautions, and more.
1. Types of LPG Gas for Caravanners
The two main types of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) used by caravanners are propane and butane. Each has unique characteristics that make it more suitable for different conditions.
Propane
Performs well in freezing temperatures, with a boiling point of -42°C, making it ideal for winter caravanning or colder climates.
Has a slightly higher energy density (46 MJ/kg) compared to butane (45.8 MJ/kg), but the difference is minimal for most users.
Its ability to vaporise at low temperatures makes it highly practical for cold weather.
Typically stored in red or orange bottles (the colour can vary by region; red is common in the UK, while orange may be used in places like Australia).
Butane
More efficient in milder conditions due to butane’s higher energy density per volume (butane has a slightly higher energy density per litre compared to propane).
Struggles to vaporise in cold weather because its boiling point is around 0.5°C, making it unsuitable for winter use.
Primarily used in warmer climates or summer caravanning.
Typically stored in blue bottles (again, colour can vary by region, but blue is common in many countries).
Condensation
Butane combustion produces more water vapor than propane, potentially increasing condensation inside your caravan. Adequate ventilation is essential when using butane for heating or cooking.
Which Gas to Choose?
For year-round caravanning or trips in cold weather, propane is recommended.
Butane is more efficient in warmer climates or summer trips, provided temperatures remain above freezing.
2. Types of Gas Bottles in the UK
Gas bottles come in a variety of sizes to suit different needs, from short trips to long stays. The following breakdown outlines the most common sizes used by caravanners in the UK.
Small Gas Bottles (3.9kg – 6kg)
Purpose: Ideal for short trips, small caravans, or occasional use. These bottles are lightweight, portable, and easy to handle and store.
Use Cases: Commonly used for camping, small BBQs, or light heating needs in caravans, tents, or small motorhomes.
Considerations: Due to their smaller capacity, these bottles require more frequent refilling or replacement.
Common Sizes Available: 3.9kg and 6kg bottles, available from suppliers like Calor and BOC UK.
Medium Gas Bottles (7kg – 13kg)
Purpose: A balanced choice between portability and gas capacity, making them ideal for medium to long-term stays in caravans or motorhomes.
Use Cases: Perfect for heating, cooking, and powering appliances in caravans, motorhomes, or during extended camping trips.
Considerations: These bottles usually last several days to a week, depending on usage. They strike a good balance for caravanning needs.
Common Sizes Available: 7kg and 13kg bottles, available from suppliers like Calor and BOC UK.
Large Gas Bottles (15kg – 19kg)
Purpose: Best for extended stays or heavy gas use. These larger bottles offer greater gas capacity, making them ideal for long-term heating, cooking, or powering multiple appliances.
Use Cases: Commonly used in static caravans, mobile catering, or for larger setups requiring a substantial gas supply.
Considerations: These bottles are bulkier and heavier, requiring more storage space and are less portable than smaller sizes. They are suitable for longer caravanning or stationary use.
Common Sizes Available: 15kg, 18kg bottles, available from suppliers like Calor and BOC UK.
Refillable Gas Bottles (e.g., SafeFill):
Growing in popularity due to cost savings and convenience.
Refilling is often cheaper than exchanging pre-filled bottles.
Ability to refill while vacating overseas.
Can be topped up, so no need to wait until completely empty.
Use apps like "MyLPG" to locate refill stations, though not all stations accept refillable bottles—plan refills in advance.
3. Gas System Overview
Your caravan’s gas system ensures safe and efficient delivery of gas to appliances.
Key Components:
Gas Regulator: Controls gas pressure. Most UK caravans use a fixed bulkhead regulator suitable for both propane and butane.
Gas Hoses and Pigtails: Connect gas bottles to the regulator. Essential for safe gas transport.
Isolation Valves: Allow you to turn off gas supply to specific appliances. Useful for troubleshooting.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detectors: Essential for safety. Ensure compliance with EN 50291 or equivalent standards.
4. Maintaining Your Caravan’s Gas System
Regular Maintenance Checklist
Gas Bottles and Connections:
Check for damage or corrosion. Use leak detection spray when attaching or detaching bottles.
Hoses and Pigtails:
Inspect regularly for wear and replace every 5 years or immediately if damaged.
Appliance Maintenance:
Include in annual caravan servicing by a qualified engineer.
Regulators and Valves:
Replace regulators every 10 years. Follow manufacturer guidelines and have components inspected regularly.
5. Safety Precautions
Storage and Handling
Store gas bottles upright in a well-ventilated locker. Never store bottles inside the caravan’s living area.
Turn off gas at the bottle before travelling to prevent leaks during transit.
Emergency Procedures
If you suspect a gas leak:
Turn off the gas bottle immediately.
Ventilate the area thoroughly.
Avoid using electrical switches or naked flames.
Seek professional assistance if needed.
Ventilation and CO Detectors
Ensure proper ventilation when using gas appliances, especially for cooking.
Test CO detectors regularly and replace them per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Fire Safety
Equip your caravan with a gas-rated fire extinguisher and fire blanket. Ensure everyone knows their location and how to use them.
6. Importance of Using Gas-Certified Engineers
Only Gas Safe-registered (or equivalent) engineers should modify or repair gas systems.
DIY repairs can lead to gas leaks, inefficient appliance performance, or serious risks like fires or carbon monoxide poisoning.
7. Environmental Considerations
LPG has a lower carbon footprint compared to other fossil fuels, making it a relatively cleaner energy option for caravanners.
Proper maintenance of appliances ensures minimal emissions and optimal efficiency.
Conclusion
Gas remains an essential power source for caravanners, especially off-grid. Whether you choose propane, butane, or refillable bottles, understanding your gas system ensures convenience and safety.
By following maintenance schedules, practising safety precautions, and embracing advancements like refillable bottles, you can enjoy worry-free caravanning year-round.
Safe travels and happy caravanning!
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